We have two descriptions of the Universe that work perfectly well: general relativity and quantum physics. Too bad they don't work together.
General relativity (large-scale gravity) and quantum physics (small-scale particles) are currently incompatible. While both accurately describe their respective domains, they conflict, notably in black holes or the early universe.
Key differences include quantum uncertainty versus relativistic determinism and quantum fields on flat spacetime versus gravitational curvature.
- In 1915, Einstein put forth our current theory of gravity in its final form: general relativity. It’s passed every observational and experimental test it has ever faced.
- Quantum physics took a little longer to develop, with the Standard Model describing the particles and the other three fundamental forces in the Universe perfectly well: agreeing with all measurables.
- But at a fundamental level, these two descriptions of the Universe are fundamentally inconsistent. Here’s why that’s an important problem, and possibly an important clue for what’s next.
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